with the highest number of scientific publications. By 2008, China had published 184,080 papers in recognized international journals-a seven-fold increase from 1996. As many as 1.5 million science and engineering students graduated from Chinese universities in 2006. Chinese investment in research and development has grown by 20 percent per year since 1999, exceeding $100 billion in 2011. In 2003, central and local governments in China supported 1,552 institutions of higher learning (colleges and universities), along with their 725,000 professors and 11 million students. In the early 1980s, the government allowed the establishment of the first private institution of higher learning, thus increasing the number of undergraduates and people who hold doctoral degrees from 1995 to 2005. In 1985, the government abolished tax-funded higher education, requiring university applicants to compete for scholarships based on their academic capabilities. In 2020, the Ministry of Education reported an increase of new entrants of 34.4 million students entering compulsory education, bringing the total number of students who attend compulsory education to 156 million. Laws in China regulating the system of education include the Regulation on Academic Degrees, the Compulsory Education Law, the Teachers Law, the Education Law, the Law on Vocational Education, and the Law on Higher Education. Middle schooling is followed by three years of high school, by the end of which secondary education is completed. Compulsory education includes six years of primary education, typically starting at the age of six and finishing at the age of twelve, followed by three years of junior secondary education (there is a mixup in translation with middle school and secondary school so a lot of people think middle school is the entire six years of secondary school when it is just the first three). All citizens must attend school for a minimum of nine years, known as nine-year compulsory education, which is funded by the government. ¥5.3014 trillion RMB (2020) ($1.29 trillion in Int$) ġ Including junior and senior secondary students Ģ Among 25-64 year-olds, including junior and senior secondary attainments ģ Among 25-64 year-olds, including associate, bachelor and graduate degrees.Įducation in China is primarily managed by the state-run public education system, which falls under the Ministry of Education. ( Learn how and when to remove this template message) Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.
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